Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on the issuance of technical education "14th Five-Year" plan Notice

of the

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued [2021] 86

Human Resources and Social Security Department (Bureau) of Provinces, autonomous regions, Municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

The Ministry organized the formulation of the "14th Five-Year Plan for Technical Education". It is hereby printed and distributed to you. Please carry it out carefully in light of the actual situation.

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
Nov 5, 2021

"14th Five-Year Plan" for Skilled Workers' Education

Vigorously developing skilled education, expanding the scale and improving the quality of training skilled personnel plays an important role in accelerating the building of a skills-based society, promoting fuller and higher quality employment, and promoting high-quality economic development.   It is a guiding document for promoting the high-quality development of technical education.

First, the development environment

The CPC Central Committee and The State Council attach great importance to the work of skilled personnel, calling for vigorous development of technical education and running technical colleges well. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, human resources and social security departments at all levels have thoroughly implemented the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and The State Council, persisted in reform and innovation, overcome difficulties, and promoted the development of skilled education. The scale of highly skilled personnel training and vocational skills training in technical colleges has gradually expanded. By the end of 2020, there were 2,423 technical colleges and universities in China, including 496 technical colleges, with 3.955 million students, providing vocational training to more than 4 million people every year. During the period of poverty alleviation, more than 360,000 children from registered poor families have been enrolled in technical colleges and universities nationwide. The quality of technical education and its social influence have been continuously improved.

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China will embark on a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country. The Party and the state attach great importance to the education of skilled workers. Economic and social development has a wide demand for high-quality skilled personnel, which provides good opportunities and broad space for the development of skilled workers education. At the same time, skilled education still faces difficulties and challenges. The scale and quality of skilled personnel training need to be further strengthened, and the problem of unbalanced development is prominent. Technical education must focus on the major national strategic deployment, aim at the scientific and technological revolution, industrial transformation and employment promotion needs, from the existing conditions and their own characteristics, scientific planning, deepening reform, innovative development, speed up the training of skilled personnel, to meet the needs of high-quality development.

Ii. General Requirements

(1) Guiding ideology

To deepen the reform of technical colleges, promote innovation in the mode of running schools, strengthen the training of highly skilled personnel and skilled craftsmen, pay attention to the integration of moral and technical training, diversified education, school-enterprise cooperation, and improve quality and excellence, achieve innovative development, build a system for training modern skilled workers, and train socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, the United States and labor. To provide high-quality skilled personnel to support the all-round development of a modern socialist country.

2. Main objectives

By 2025, a better technical education system, a more rational layout, more prominent characteristics, and the scale and quality of skilled personnel training will be better suited to economic and social development. The development of technical colleges has become an important platform for the development of academic education and vocational training service skills talents, an important component of the modern vocational education system, and an important support for the construction of a skill-based society. The educational mode of technical education has become more formed, the professional setting, curriculum development and textbook construction are more in line with the needs of enterprises, the quality of personnel training has been steadily improved, the employment rate of graduates has been stable at a high level, and a full range of services for skilled talents such as academic education, vocational training, public practical training, skill evaluation, competitive training, employment services and business incubation have been provided to the society. The attractiveness of skilled education and the quality of talent training have been significantly improved, and the function of serving the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents in the new era has been further enhanced.

Third, promote the full implementation of the fundamental task of promoting morality and educating people

3. Strengthen overall Party leadership

To strengthen the construction of Party organizations in technical colleges, and promote the overall improvement of Party organizations at all levels in schools. Give full play to the leadership core and political core role of party organizations in technical colleges, firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work in schools, and coordinate the deployment, implementation and evaluation of party building work with the development of school undertakings. Rely on trade unions, Communist Youth League, women's Federation, Customs Work Committee, communities and related social groups to establish close ties with the party and government organs, enterprises and public institutions, and the military where the university is located, jointly promote and strengthen the school's party building work, and lead the school's development with high-quality party building.

(4) Strengthen ideological and political education

Persist in educating people for the Party and the country, and take moral education as the fundamental standard for testing all work of the school.   We will make ideological and political theory a key course for cultivating moral integrity, and strengthen the ideological and political development of other courses, so as to integrate and unify ideological and political education, knowledge transfer, and skill training. Make full use of ideological and political theory courses to guide students to establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. We will do a good job in compiling textbooks for ideological and political studies, Chinese and history. To strengthen the construction of the teaching staff of ideological and political theory courses in technical colleges, and select about 30 training bases for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in technical education. We will deepen education in the rule of law, national security, ecological progress and national defense.

5. Give priority to the cultivation of comprehensive quality and general ability

We will promote the spirit of model workers, hard work and craftsmanship, make labor education a compulsory part of the public curriculum, and strengthen students' labor practice and practical training. We will incorporate labor literacy into the comprehensive quality evaluation system for students, and take the results of labor literacy evaluation as an important reference for evaluating excellence. Practice and training courses are the main carrier to carry out labor education, in which the thematic education of model worker spirit, labor spirit and craftsman spirit is no less than 16 class hours per academic year. Colleges and universities are encouraged to cooperate with enterprises and other social organizations to build and share labor education practice bases. In accordance with the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards, physical education and aesthetic education courses should be fully developed, and mental health education and services should be standardized.

Fourth, effectively improve the training capacity of highly skilled personnel

6. Improving the training system for highly skilled personnel in technical colleges

Strengthen planning and guidance, and promote the formation of a technical education system with echelon development, orderly connection and rational layout of technical colleges, senior technical schools and technical schools. Technician colleges are an important carrier to optimize the structure of technical education and cultivate artisans and skilled craftsmen in a large country, focusing on training technicians, preparatory technicians, senior technicians and other highly skilled personnel. Senior technical schools mainly undertake the task of training senior and intermediate technicians, while technical schools mainly undertake the task of training intermediate technicians. We will revise the standards for setting up technical schools and improve the promotion and withdrawal mechanisms. To implement the statutory duty of technical colleges to carry out both academic education and vocational training, organize the second round of pilot projects for the construction of vocational training institutes, and expand the functions of evaluation and appraisal, recognition of vocational skill levels, public practical training, skill competitions, teacher training and employment services, so as to provide all-round and multi-level services for the growth of skilled personnel.

(7) Consolidate the enrollment scale

Enrollment will be organized for various groups such as previous junior and senior high school graduates and enterprise employees. We will actively promote the inclusion of technical colleges in the unified vocational education enrollment platform, and take multiple measures and channels to expand the enrollment of technical colleges and universities with high school graduates, ex-servicemen, newly growing workers from poverty-stricken families, and rural migrant workers. We will organize unemployed college graduates who need to upgrade their skills to enroll in technical colleges and universities. We will encourage local governments to give full play to the role of community-level employment service stations, make extensive use of websites, wechat and other channels to publicize enrollment, map out the source of students, and organize registration and mobilization. We should take multiple measures to recruit students both online and offline, and give full play to the advantages of a variety of recruitment channels. Standardize the order of enrollment, and regularly review and disclose the qualifications of enrollment. The annual enrollment work of technical colleges should be included in the development plan of human resources and social security undertakings, and the organization, implementation and scheduling work should be intensified.

8. Carry out vocational skills training in an all-round way

Organize technical colleges to participate in all kinds of training plans of the vocational skills Upgrading Action, undertake training tasks, carry out subsidized training and market-oriented social training, constantly expand the scale of training, improve the quality of training, and implement training subsidies in accordance with regulations. Guide technical colleges to generally set up enterprise training workstations, carry out demonstration training of vocational training packages and orientation training of enterprise employees to improve their skills. We will highlight the characteristics of high-skill practical training, focus on high-precision and high-precision occupations (types of work), and provide high-end skills training for enterprise employees, college graduates and other key employment groups. We will strengthen vocational skills training in emerging industries, intelligent manufacturing, modern service industries and other fields. For technical colleges and universities that undertake heavy vocational training tasks, the total amount of performance-based pay required will be increased on a timely basis. Technical colleges are allowed to include a certain percentage of training income into school public funds, and the workload of teacher training can be converted into the workload of full-time student training according to a certain percentage. Improve the incentive mechanism of performance-based pay distribution in technical colleges, and further implement the autonomy of internal distribution of units.

(9) Implement the new apprentice training program for enterprises

Vigorously carry out new apprenticeship training for enterprises with Chinese characteristics, and open channels for enterprise employees to register as part-time students in technical colleges for at least one year. Relying on the technician college of in-depth cooperation between schools and enterprises, the Industrial College is built with leading industrial enterprises and leading enterprises in the industry. Explore the implementation of flexible academic system, through the alternation of work and study, and the joint training of senior technicians, preparatory technicians and technicians. Relying on technical colleges to establish or co-build skill master studios with enterprises, organize technician research and exchange, and jointly carry out science and technology research and technological innovation projects between schools and enterprises, etc., to train and train highly skilled talents. Focus on the development direction of new industries, new technologies and new professions, and carry out the training of enterprise technicians.

(10) Promote the identification of vocational skill levels

Vocational skill evaluation shall be fully implemented in technical colleges and universities, and students shall be supported and assisted in obtaining vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill level certificates. Support technical colleges to provide vocational skill level identification services for students by relying on cooperative enterprises. With the record of the human resources and social security department, the qualified technical colleges will be cultivated into social training and evaluation institutions, providing training and evaluation services for various employment groups, and issuing vocational skill level certificates according to regulations. Support technical college students to obtain vocational skill level certificates by participating in all kinds of vocational skill competitions at all levels.

Fifth, vigorously strengthen school-enterprise cooperation

(11) Supporting enterprises and other forces to conduct technical education

We will give play to the role of market mechanisms and encourage all sectors of society to offer skilled workers' education. To give play to the role of leading enterprises and large enterprises as important educational entities, and actively encourage enterprises and high-quality technical colleges to form technical education groups with multiple entities. For the industries and enterprises running technical colleges that really need to be handed over, human resources and social security departments at all levels should actively create conditions to do a good job of taking over. Vigorously support the development of private technical colleges, and encourage all kinds of educational entities to establish private technical colleges through sole proprietorship, joint ventures, cooperation and other forms. Explore the development of joint-stock and mixed ownership technical colleges. We will encourage technical colleges to set up practice and training bases in enterprises, and enterprises to build training bases in technical colleges.

(12) Continue to expand the forms and contents of school-enterprise cooperation

Actively attract industry enterprises to deeply participate in the professional planning, curriculum setting, textbook development and teaching implementation of technical colleges, and cooperate to build new majors, develop new courses and carry out order training. Build a platform for school-enterprise cooperation, and promote the close integration of college talent training and enterprise employment needs. To guide technical colleges to promote the connection between professional Settings and industrial needs, curriculum content and professional standards, and teaching process and work process. Promote university-enterprise joint recruitment, professional planning, curriculum development, teacher team, training mode, practice base, management platform, and training quality evaluation, and form a school-enterprise cooperative school system of "talent sharing, process co-management, achievement sharing, and responsibility sharing".

(13) To promote the skills of school-enterprise cooperation service workers

Encourage all kinds of enterprises to participate in school-enterprise cooperation by means of attracting enterprises to campus, bringing schools into enterprises, and integrating schools into enterprises. To encourage technical colleges and enterprises to jointly develop high-quality educational resources, and promote the development of the "Internet + education and training" model. It encourages technical colleges and enterprises to jointly organize and carry out worksite-based learning activities, actively provide knowledge lectures, curriculum resource development, technical guidance and other services for enterprises, and participate in the construction of enterprise training institutions in various forms. It supports enterprises to accept students for practical training, and guides enterprises to set up apprenticeship positions in a certain proportion of the total number of positions. Departments of technical colleges and universities are encouraged to pair up with workshops and teams of enterprises, establish school-enterprise cooperation learning teams, and provide lifelong skills upgrading services for employees through the supply of various education and training services.

Sixth, promote the high-quality and coordinated development of technical education

14. Optimizing regional development layout

Optimize the allocation of regional resources, promote the joint construction of ministries and provinces, and continue to deepen the eastern and western cooperation in technical education. We will guide and support areas with high concentration of industries and population to build and run technical colleges, and build technical colleges in prefecture-level cities and economically developed counties and cities in light of actual conditions. We will implement the vocational skills Upgrading Project in key areas for national rural revitalization, focus on key areas for national rural revitalization, take into account the skills training needs of large and oversized poverty-stricken resettlement areas, support the upgrading of a number of technical colleges and vocational training institutions, cultivate a number of labor skills brands, train a number of highly skilled personnel, and hold a national skills competition for rural revitalization. To give better play to its leading role in training. We will establish a regular support mechanism for healthy people's societies, increase matching cooperation in vocational skills development in the East and west, and give key support to technical colleges in Tibet and the four prefectures in southern Xinjiang.

(15) Strengthening professional construction, curriculum development, teaching, research and theoretical research

Strengthen specialty construction and teaching reform, improve and revise the professional catalog of technical colleges and implement dynamic adjustment. We will support and guide local technical colleges in building a number of specialty specialties that meet the national strategic needs and match the development of local leading industries. We will closely align the trends of industrial upgrading and technological change, give priority to developing a number of emerging specialties needed by advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, modern agriculture, modern information technology, biotechnology, artificial intelligence and other industries, and accelerate the development of nursing, health care, home economics and other specialties in short supply. We will transform and upgrade traditional majors such as iron and steel metallurgy, chemical industry and medicine, construction engineering, and light textile manufacturing. We will remove and eliminate majors that have an oversupply, low employment rate, or disappearing vocational jobs. We will encourage schools to open more majors that are in short supply and meet market demand, so as to form a system of majors that closely link industrial chains and innovation chains. A system of technical education and teaching standards has been established, which consists of national standards for training skilled personnel, curriculum standards for public courses, curriculum standards for major general specialized courses, curriculum standards for specialized courses and professional teaching standards. Speed up the development of skill personnel training standards and integrated curriculum standards. We will give full play to the role of teaching and research institutions at all levels, strengthen the construction of teaching and research institutions, intensify research efforts, and strengthen curriculum development. Do a good job in the theoretical research of technical education, and summarize the law of running a school for technical education and the mode of personnel training in a timely manner. Organize excellent teaching and research achievements exhibition and exchange activities, compile and promote excellent teaching and research achievements of technical education.

(16) Strengthen the management and development of teaching materials

Strengthen the state's power over the development of teaching materials, implement the general requirements of the Party and the State for teaching materials work and the Measures for the Administration of Teaching Materials in Vocational Colleges, and implement the Implementation Rules for the Administration of Teaching Materials in Technical Colleges. We should promote the close integration of the standards for training skilled personnel and professional teaching standards with the development of teaching materials, enrich the varieties and forms of teaching materials, and improve their quality. We will carry out plans to develop, update and promote the use of teaching materials, focusing on the development of integrated teaching materials and teaching materials for the transformation of World Cup results. We will earnestly implement ministerial teaching standards, improve the planning of textbook catalogues, and strengthen publicity and supervision over the use of textbooks.

17. Deepen services for employment and entrepreneurship

Strengthen cooperation between technical colleges and public employment and human resources service agencies and employers, and jointly organize and carry out diversified services such as job fairs and guidance on employment and entrepreneurship. Implement the requirements that graduates from ordinary schools be treated the same in employment and participation in recruitment by government agencies, enterprises and public institutions according to regulations. We will improve the national technical college graduation certificate inquiry system, and promote information interconnection and mutual recognition with relevant departments. Promote technical college graduates to enjoy employment and entrepreneurship, join the army and other related policies according to regulations, intermediate class, senior class, preparatory technician (technician) class graduates according to regulations in accordance with the secondary school, junior college, bachelor's degree, implement the title evaluation, public recruitment and other policies. Strengthen the training of teachers for entrepreneurship and innovation training, and promote entrepreneurship and innovation training in technical colleges. We will encourage local governments to support qualified technical colleges in setting up business incubation bases and other service carriers for entrepreneurship. National entrepreneurship and innovation competitions for technical college students are held regularly, and teachers and students of technical colleges are encouraged to actively participate in various entrepreneurship and innovation competitions such as China Innovation Wings.

(18) Strengthen the construction of integrated teaching staff

Promote the reform of the professional title system for teachers in technical colleges and universities, and take teachers' ethics as the first criterion for evaluating the quality of teachers and run through the whole process of teacher management. It will work with relevant departments to formulate integrated standards for teachers, and improve standards for teacher recruitment, evaluation and appointment of professional and technical positions, and performance appraisal. Technical colleges and universities may arrange a certain proportion of the total number of teaching staff or employ high-skilled talents as part-time teachers for the society and enterprises through mobile positions. When the technical colleges openly recruit production practice instructors, the required position conditions may be set as junior college graduates or senior engineering graduates of technical colleges, university graduates or preparatory technicians (technicians) graduates. Excellent high-skilled talents can be openly recruited to teach in technical colleges and universities in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state directly through inspection.

(19) Standardizing all basic management work

Revise the measures for the management of student registration in technical colleges, implement a system of classified registration of full-time and part-time student registration, and strengthen supervision and management. Adjust and revise the graduation certificate of technical colleges, and clearly reflect the information of intermediate engineering class, senior engineering class, and preparatory technician (technician) class on the graduation certificate, so as to provide support for the implementation of various policies and treatment of graduates. It encourages areas where conditions permit to explore flexible academic system and credit system management, and supports students to actively participate in social practice, entrepreneurship and innovation, and competitions. We will improve the internal management systems of school enrollment, teaching and practice management. Establish and improve the student financial aid management system for technical colleges, improve the student financial aid management institutions, and raise the level of standardized management. We will strengthen students' psychological quality education, and actively promote campus culture construction and network security management. We will strengthen safety education and publicity, and improve mechanisms for joint prevention and control and emergency management of safety. We will improve the student internship management system and further standardize student internship management. We will actively explore ways for interns to participate in work-related injury insurance, accelerate the development of internship and training liability insurance and personal accident insurance for students, prohibit illegal fees from students for internship and training, and strengthen the protection of students' rights and interests in internship.

Vii. Safeguard Measures

20. Strengthen organizational leadership

Human resources and social security departments at all levels shall earnestly implement the deployment requirements of the Party Central Committee and The State Council, and attach great importance to the organization and implementation of this plan. In accordance with the plan and in light of actual conditions, specific tasks, objectives and measures should be detailed to promote the implementation of the plan in an orderly manner. Fully relying on the leading mechanism of talent work leading group, employment work leading group, vocational education joint conference and other work, coordinate and increase the overall leadership support for technical education to ensure the completion of the regional planning tasks.

(21) Close coordination and cooperation

All localities should start from the overall requirements of industrial development and economic and social construction, and incorporate the development of skilled workers' education into the overall plan for economic and social development of the 14th Five-Year Plan in their respective regions, with unified planning, rational layout and coordinated implementation. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination and cooperation with the departments of development and reform, finance, education and other industries and enterprises, integrate all kinds of relevant social resources, mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects, form social forces, and jointly promote the reform and development of technical education.

(22) Optimize the development environment

Conscientiously implement the Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China, earnestly implement the Opinions on Improving the Treatment of Skilled Workers, and smooth the career development channels of highly skilled personnel and professional and technical personnel. We will strengthen the skills-based incentive approach in wage and income distribution. We will explore and publicize the typical stories of grassroots and front-line skilled personnel who have grown into talents and led a happy life through hard work, carry out in-depth publicity campaigns on such themes as World Youth Skills Day, Vocational Education Week, and "Skills in China", and promote the values of honorable labor, precious skills, creating great trends of The Times, and striving for excellence.

(23) Implementation supervision and guidance

Human resources and social security departments at all levels should strengthen their main responsibilities, consolidate their responsibilities at various levels, improve the monitoring, evaluation and performance appraisal mechanisms for the implementation of the plan, implement dynamic tracking guidance, and regularly organize inspections and evaluations. Regularly summarize the implementation of the plan, promote advanced experience, carefully study the situation and problems arising in the implementation of the plan, adjust and improve policies and measures, and do a good job in implementing tasks.